简单实现接口自动化测试(基于python+unittest)，pythonunittest,简单实现接口自动化测

简单实现接口自动化测试(基于python+unittest)，pythonunittest,简单实现接口自动化测

简单实现接口自动化测试(基于python+unittest)

简介

本文通过从Postman获取基本的接口测试Code简单的接口测试入手，一步步调整优化接口调用，以及增加基本的结果判断，讲解Python自带的Unittest框架调用，期望各位可以通过本文对接口自动化测试有一个大致的了解。

引言

为什么要做接口自动化测试?

在当前互联网产品迭代频繁的背景下，回归测试的时间越来越少，很难在每个迭代都对所有功能做完整回归。但接口自动化测试因其实现简单、维护成本低，容易提高覆盖率等特点，越来越受重视。

为什么要自己写框架呢?

使用Postman调试通过过直接可以获取接口测试的基本代码，结合使用requets + unittest很容易实现接口自动化测试的封装，而且requests的api已经非常人性化，非常简单，但通过封装以后（特别是针对公司内特定接口），可以进一步提高脚本编写效率。

一个现有的简单接口例子

下面使用requests + unittest测试一个查询接口

接口信息如下

请求信息:

Method：POST

URL：api/match/image/getjson

Request：

{"category": "image","offset": "0","limit": "30","sourceId": "0","metaTitle": "","metaId": "0","classify": "unclassify","startTime": "","endTime": "","createStart": "","createEnd": "","sourceType": "","isTracking": "true","metaGroup": "","companyId": "0","lastDays": "1","author": ""}

Response示例：

{"timestamp" : xxx,"errorMsg" : "","data" : {"config" : xxx}

Postman测试方法见截图：

测试思路

1.获取Postman原始脚本

2.使用requests库模拟发送HTTP请求**

3.对原始脚本进行基础改造**

4.使用python标准库里unittest写测试case**

原始脚本实现

未优化

该代码只是简单的一次调用，而且返回的结果太多，很多返回信息暂时没用，示例代码如下

import requestsurl = "http://cpright.xinhua-news.cn/api/match/image/getjson"querystring = {"category":"image","offset":"0","limit":"30","sourceId":"0","metaTitle":"","metaId":"0","classify":"unclassify","startTime":"","endTime":"","createStart":"","createEnd":"","sourceType":"","isTracking":"true","metaGroup":"","companyId":"0","lastDays":"1","author":""}headers = {    ‘cache-control‘: "no-cache",    ‘postman-token‘: "e97a99b0-424b-b2a5-7602-22cd50223c15"    }response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, params=querystring)print(response.text)

优化 第一版

调整代码结构，输出结果Json出来，获取需要验证的response.status_code，以及获取结果校验需要用到的results[‘total‘]

#!/usr/bin/env python#coding: utf-8‘‘‘unittest merchant backgroud interface@author: zhang_jin@version: 1.0@see:http://www.python-requests.org/en/master/‘‘‘import unittestimport jsonimport tracebackimport requestsurl = "http://cpright.xinhua-news.cn/api/match/image/getjson"querystring = {    "category": "image",    "offset": "0",    "limit": "30",    "sourceId": "0",    "metaTitle": "",    "metaId": "0",    "classify": "unclassify",    "startTime": "",    "endTime": "",    "createStart": "",    "createEnd": "",    "sourceType": "",    "isTracking": "true",    "metaGroup": "",    "companyId": "0",    "lastDays": "1",    "author": ""}headers = {    ‘cache-control‘: "no-cache",    ‘postman-token‘: "e97a99b0-424b-b2a5-7602-22cd50223c15"    }#Post接口调用response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, params=querystring)#对返回结果进行转义成json串results = json.loads(response.text)#获取http请求的status_codeprint "Http code:",response.status_code#获取结果中的total的值print results[‘total‘]#print(response.text)

优化 第二版

接口调用异常处理，增加try，except处理，对于返回response.status_code，返回200进行结果比对，不是200数据异常信息。

#!/usr/bin/env python#coding: utf-8‘‘‘unittest merchant backgroud interface@author: zhang_jin@version: 1.0@see:http://www.python-requests.org/en/master/‘‘‘import jsonimport tracebackimport requestsurl = "http://cpright.xinhua-news.cn/api/match/image/getjson"querystring = {    "category": "image",    "offset": "0",    "limit": "30",    "sourceId": "0",    "metaTitle": "",    "metaId": "0",    "classify": "unclassify",    "startTime": "",    "endTime": "",    "createStart": "",    "createEnd": "",    "sourceType": "",    "isTracking": "true",    "metaGroup": "",    "companyId": "0",    "lastDays": "1",    "author": ""}headers = {    ‘cache-control‘: "no-cache",    ‘postman-token‘: "e97a99b0-424b-b2a5-7602-22cd50223c15"    }try:    #Post接口调用    response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, params=querystring)    #对http返回值进行判断，对于200做基本校验    if response.status_code == 200:        results = json.loads(response.text)        if results[‘total‘] == 191:            print "Success"        else:            print "Fail"            print results[‘total‘]    else:        #对于http返回非200的code，输出相应的code        raise Exception("http error info:%s" %response.status_code)except:    traceback.print_exc()

优化 第三版

1.该版本改动较大，引入config文件，单独封装结果校验模块，引入unittest模块，实现接口自动调用，并增加log处理模块；
2.对不同Post请求结果进行封装，不同接口分开调用；
3.测试用例的结果进行统计并最终输出

#!/usr/bin/env python#coding: utf-8‘‘‘unittest interface@author: zhang_jin@version: 1.0@see:http://www.python-requests.org/en/master/‘‘‘import unittestimport jsonimport tracebackimport requestsimport timeimport result_statisticsimport config as cffrom com_logger import  match_Loggerclass MyTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):    """docstring for MyTestSuite"""    #@classmethod    def sedUp(self):        print "start..."    #图片匹配统计    def test_image_match_001(self):        url = cf.URL1        querystring = {            "category": "image",            "offset": "0",            "limit": "30",          "sourceId": "0",          "metaTitle": "",          "metaId": "0",          "classify": "unclassify",          "startTime": "",          "endTime": "",          "createStart": "",          "createEnd": "",          "sourceType": "",          "isTracking": "true",          "metaGroup": "",          "companyId": "0",          "lastDays": "1",          "author": ""        }        headers = {            ‘cache-control‘: "no-cache",            ‘postman-token‘: "545a2e40-b120-2096-960c-54875be347be"            }        response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, params=querystring)        if response.status_code == 200:            response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding            results = json.loads(response.text)            #预期结果与实际结果校验，调用result_statistics模块            result_statistics.test_result(results,196)        else:            print "http error info:%s" %response.status_code        #match_Logger.info("start image_query22222")        #self.assertEqual(results[‘total‘], 888)        ‘‘‘        try:            self.assertEqual(results[‘total‘], 888)        except:            match_Logger.error(traceback.format_exc())        #print results[‘total‘]        ‘‘‘    #文字匹配数据统计    def test_text_match_001(self):        text_url = cf.URL2        querystring = {            "category": "text",            "offset": "0",            "limit": "30",            "sourceId": "0",            "metaTitle": "",            "metaId": "0",            "startTime": "2017-04-14",            "endTime": "2017-04-15",            "createStart": "",            "createEnd": "",            "sourceType": "",            "isTracking": "true",            "metaGroup": "",            "companyId": "0",            "lastDays": "0",            "author": "",            "content": ""        }        headers = {            ‘cache-control‘: "no-cache",            ‘postman-token‘: "ef3c29d8-1c88-062a-76d9-f2fbebf2536c"            }        response = requests.request("POST", text_url, headers=headers, params=querystring)        if response.status_code == 200:            response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding            results = json.loads(response.text)            #预期结果与实际结果校验，调用result_statistics模块            result_statistics.test_result(results,190)        else:            print "http error info:%s" %response.status_code        #print(response.text)    def tearDown(self):         passif __name__ == ‘__main__‘:    #image_match_Logger = ALogger(‘image_match‘, log_level=‘INFO‘)    #构造测试集合    suite=unittest.TestSuite()    suite.addTest(MyTestSuite("test_image_match_001"))    suite.addTest(MyTestSuite("test_text_match_001"))    #执行测试    runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()    runner.run(suite)    print "success case:",result_statistics.num_success    print "fail case:",result_statistics.num_fail    #unittest.main()

最终输出日志信息

Zj-Mac:unittest lazybone$ python image_test_3.py 测试结果：通过.测试结果：不通过 错误信息： 期望返回值:190 实际返回值:4522.----------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 2 tests in 0.889sOKsuccess case: 1fail case: 1

后续改进建议

1.unittest输出报告也可以推荐使用HTMLTestRunner（我目前是对结果统计进行了封装）

2.接口的继续封装，参数化，模块化

3.unittest单元测试框架实现参数化调用第三方模块引用（nose-parameterized）

4.持续集成运行环境、定时任务、触发运行、邮件发送等一系列功能均可以在Jenkins上实现。

简单实现接口自动化测试(基于python+unittest)