部署基于python的web发布环境（第三篇）：环境部署4：centos7安装uwsgi、发布网站，,一、业务逻辑图二、安

文章由Byrx.net分享于2020-03-02 02:03:30评论（120）

部署基于python的web发布环境（第三篇）：环境部署4：centos7安装uwsgi、发布网站，,一、业务逻辑图二、安

一、业务逻辑图

技术图片

二、安装uwsgi

　　uwsgi是服务器和服务端应用程序的通信协议，规定了怎么把请求转发给应用程序和返回。

　　uWSGI是一个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。

　　nginx 和 uWSGI交互就必须使用同一个协议，而上面说了uwsgi支持fastcgi、uwsgi、http协议，这些都是nginx支持的协议，只要大家沟通好使用哪个协议，就可以正常运行了。

注意安装uwsgi不需要在python的虚拟环境下

[[email protected] Python-3.7.1]# pwd/usr/src/Python-3.7.1[[email protected] Python-3.7.1]# lsaclocal.m4           Include          Modules            pythonbuild                install-sh       myweb              PythonCODE_OF_CONDUCT.rst  Lib              Objects            python-configconfig.guess         libpython3.7m.a  Parser             python-config.pyconfig.log           LICENSE          PC                 python-gdb.pyconfig.status        m4               PCbuild            README.rstconfig.sub           Mac              profile-run-stamp  setup.pyconfigure            Makefile         Programs           Toolsconfigure.ac         Makefile.pre     pybuilddir.txt     webDoc                  Makefile.pre.in  pyconfig.hGrammar              Misc             pyconfig.h.in[[email protected] Python-3.7.1]# pip3 install uwsgiLooking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/Collecting uwsgi  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/e7/1e/3dcca007f974fe4b369bf1b8629d5e342bb3055e2001b2e5340aaefae7a/uwsgi-2.0.18.tar.gz (801 kB)     |████████████████████████████████| 801 kB 1.2 MB/s Installing collected packages: uwsgi    Running setup.py install for uwsgi ... doneSuccessfully installed uwsgi-2.0.18[[email protected] Python-3.7.1]#

1、编辑uwsgi配置文件

[[email protected] Python-3.7.1]# mkdir /etc/uwsgi[[email protected] Python-3.7.1]# vi /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini[uwsgi]uid = rootgid = rootsocket = 127.0.0.1:9090master = truevhost = trueno-site = true  workers = 2reload-mercy = 10vacuum = truemax-requests = 1000limit-as = 512buffer-size = 30000pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi9090.log#保存退出，注意配置文件不要留注释，会出错，出错信息在/var/run/log里查看uwsgi9090.log?#建立软连接[[email protected] Python-3.7.1]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi /usr/bin/uwsgi

2、启动uwsgi

[[email protected] Python-3.7.1]# uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini [uWSGI] getting INI configuration from /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini?

显示 [uWSGI] getting INI configuration from uwsgi.ini 表明uwsgi运行成功。

通过 ps -aux|grep uwsgi 查看确认是否uwsgi启动。

[[email protected] src]# ps aux |grep uwsgiroot     15391  0.2  0.1 160052  5868 ?        S    17:31   0:00 uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.iniroot     15392  0.1  0.1 182492  7200 ?        S    17:31   0:00 uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.iniroot     15393  0.1  0.1 182492  7200 ?        S    17:31   0:00 uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.iniroot     15395  0.0  0.0 112712   964 pts/1    R+   17:31   0:00 grep --color=auto uwsgi

补充：

运行简单的uWSGI

#启动一个pythonuwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py?http :8000: 使用http协议，端口8000wsgi-file test.py: 加载指定的文件，test.py?#test.pydef application(env, start_response):    start_response(‘200 OK‘, [(‘Content-Type‘,‘text/html‘)])    return [b"Hello World"] # python3

uWsgi热加载python程序

在启动命令后面加上参数uwsgi --http :8088 --module mysite.wsgi --py-autoreload=1 #发布命令command= /home/venv/bin/uwsgi --uwsgi 0.0.0.0:8000 --chdir /opt/mysite --home=/home/venv --module mysite.wsgi#此时修改django代码，uWSGI会自动加载django程序，页面生效

运行django程序

#mysite/wsgi.py  确保找到这个文件uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgimodule mysite.wsgi: 加载指定的wsgi模块

#如果你已经配置了nginx(启动了nginx服务，配置了uwsgi_pass)，请用这个socket连接 #socket = 0.0.0.0:8000

#如果你没用nginx，想通过uwsgi直接启动web服务，指明http协议 http = 0.0.0.0:9999

3、关闭uwsgi

[[email protected] Python-3.7.1]# cat /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid 15391[[email protected] Python-3.7.1]# kill -9 15391

错误解决

cat /var/log/uwsgi9090.log 有错误### WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag)意思是不建议用root启动uwsgi，使用root运行了这个程序，带来了一些安全隐患，需要处理。

解决

增加用户和组，具体命令如下：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

增加了www的用户名和组，之后修改uWsgi配置文件：

[uwsgi]uid = wwwgid = www

三、uwsgi服务脚本管理

uwsgi 启动命令太长，用脚本进行简化

（1）定制uwsgi管理脚本

添加脚本

　vi /etc/init.d/uwsgi ，init脚本内容如下所示：

#!/bin/sh  DESC="uwsgi daemon"  NAME=uwsgi  DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi  CONFIGFILE=/etc/uwsgi/$NAME.ini  PIDFILE=/var/run/${NAME}9090.pid  SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME  FIFOFILE=/tmp/uwsgififo  set -e  [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0?  do_start() {  if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ];then      $DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi  running"  else      echo "The PID is exist..."  fi  }?  do_stop() {  if [ -f $PIDFILE ];then      $DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"      rm -f $PIDFILE      echo "$DAEMON STOPED."  else      echo "The $PIDFILE doesn‘t found"  fi  }?  do_reload() {  if [ -p $FIFOFILE ];then      echo w > $FIFOFILE  else      $DAEMON --touch-workers-reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi can‘t reload"  fi  }?  do_status() {      ps aux|grep $DAEMON  }?  case "$1" in  status)      echo -en "Status $NAME: \n"      do_status  ;;  start)      echo -en "Starting $NAME: \n"      do_start  ;;  stop)      echo -en "Stopping $NAME: \n"      do_stop  ;;    reload|graceful)      echo -en "Reloading $NAME: \n"      do_reload  ;;  *)      echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2      exit 3  ;;  esac  exit 0?

DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi #指向uwsgi的命令路径 CONFFILE=/etc/uwsgi/$NAME.ini #uwsgi.ini配置文件路径 PIDFILE=/var/run/${NAME}9090.pid #pid文件路径 SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME #启动脚本路径

（2）脚本配置和使用

授权使用脚本

[[email protected] Python-3.7.1]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/uwsgi?

使用脚本关闭uwsgi

[[email protected] src]# /etc/init.d/uwsgi stopStopping uwsgi: /usr/local/bin/uwsgi STOPED.

使用脚本启动uwsgi

[[email protected] src]# /etc/init.d/uwsgi startStarting uwsgi: [uWSGI] getting INI configuration from /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini

查看uwsgi状态

[[email protected] src]# /etc/init.d/uwsgi statusStatus uwsgi: root     15770  0.0  0.0 112712   948 pts/1    R+   22:50   0:00 grep /usr/local/bin/uwsgi[[email protected] src]#

查看端口是否使用

[[email protected] src]# netstat -ntplActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9090          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      15776/uwsgi         tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      11223/nginx: master tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      878/sshd            tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1164/master         tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      18005/mysqld        tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      878/sshd            tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1164/master

（3）设置脚本开机启动

[[email protected] src]# chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/uwsgiservice uwsgi does not support chkconfig?# ‘service uwsgi does not support chkconfig‘ 如果出现了这样的报错，是因为添加脚本用service启动，必须要脚本里面包含这2行注释：# chkconfig: - 85 15# description: nginx is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve

在/etc/init.d/uwsgi添加

[[email protected] src]# vi /etc/init.d/uwsgi#!/bin/sh# chkconfig: - 85 15# description: nginx is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve??  DESC="uwsgi daemon"  NAME=uwsgi  DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi  CONFIGFILE=/etc/uwsgi/$NAME.ini  PIDFILE=/var/run/${NAME}9090.pid  SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME  FIFOFILE=/tmp/uwsgififo  set -e  [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0-- INSERT --....

重新添加脚本为开机启动

[[email protected] src]# chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/uwsgi[[email protected] src]# chkconfig --level 2345 uwsgi on  #指定指定读系统服务要在哪一个执行等级中开启或关毕??--level<等级代号> 　指定读系统服务要在哪一个执行等级中开启或关毕。      等级0表示：表示关机      等级1表示：单用户模式      等级2表示：无网络连接的多用户命令行模式      等级3表示：有网络连接的多用户命令行模式      等级4表示：不可用      等级5表示：带图形界面的多用户模式      等级6表示：重新启动

查看开机启动的脚本列表

[[email protected] src]# chkconfig --list?Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native      systemd configuration.?      If you want to list systemd services use ‘systemctl list-unit-files‘.      To see services enabled on particular target use      ‘systemctl list-dependencies [target]‘.?netconsole      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:offnetwork         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:offuwsgi           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off[[email protected] src]#

四、nginx服务配置

(1)修改默认配置文件：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

http {...    server {        listen       8000;        server_name  localhost;        location / {              include  uwsgi_params;              uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;                       uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT myweb.wsgi;              uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR  /usr/local/nginx/website/myweb;              index  index.html index.htm;              client_max_body_size 35m;              #uwsgi_cache_valid 1m;              #uwsgi_temp_file_write_size 64k;              #uwsgi_busy_buffers_size 64k;              #uwsgi_buffers 8 64k;              #uwsgi_buffer_size 64k;              #uwsgi_read_timeout 300;              #uwsgi_send_timeout 300;              #uwsgi_connect_timeout 300;             }?        location /static {            alias /usr/local/website/myweb/statics;        }    }}

注释

   uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090;                       // 必须与uwsgi配置一致   uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /usr/local/nginx/website/myweb;    // 项目根目录   uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT myweb.wsgi;     // 入口文件，即wsgi.py相对项目根目录的位置

针对django的静态文件设置

        location /static {            alias /usr/local/website/myweb/statics;        }

注意项目文件不要放在/root/目录下，root目录权限不足

测试nginx配置文件修改是否正确

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -tnginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is oknginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful[[email protected] ~]# ?

(2)启动uwsgi，启动nginx

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/uwsgi start??#启动nginx[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop[[email protected] ~]# lsof -i :80[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx?[[email protected] ~]# lsof -i :80COMMAND   PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAMEnginx   16016   root    6u  IPv4 259564      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)nginx   16017 nobody    6u  IPv4 259564      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)[[email protected] ~]#

测试,出现500内部错误，一般都是项目的问题

技术图片

查看错误日志

[[email protected] ~]# tailf /var/log/uwsgi9090.log unable to load app 0 (mountpoint=‘192.168.199.169|‘) (callable not found or import error)--- no python application found, check your startup logs for errors ---192.168.199.169 [pid: 16007|app: -1|req: -1/3] 192.168.199.168 () {46 vars in 807 bytes} [Sun Feb 23 02:50:43 2020] GET / => generated 21 bytes in 1 msecs (HTTP/1.1 500) 2 headers in 83 bytes (0 switches on core 0)Traceback (most recent call last):  File "/usr/local/website/myweb/myweb/wsgi.py", line 12, in <module>    from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_applicationModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘django‘unable to load app 0 (mountpoint=‘192.168.199.169|‘) (callable not found or import error)--- no python application found, check your startup logs for errors ---192.168.199.169 [pid: 16007|app: -1|req: -1/4] 192.168.199.168 () {46 vars in 754 bytes} [Sun Feb 23 02:50:43 2020] GET /favicon.ico => generated 21 bytes in 1 msecs (HTTP/1.1 500) 2 headers in 83 bytes (0 switches on core 0)?

分析：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘django‘，

django模块没导入，由于django模块是装在虚拟环境中的，所以需要在uwsgi指定python虚拟环境的包的安装位置

[[email protected] python3.7]# cd site-packages/[[email protected] site-packages]# lsasgiref                  pytz-2019.3.dist-infoasgiref-3.2.3.dist-info  setuptoolsdjango                   setuptools-45.2.0.dist-infoDjango-2.1.8.dist-info   setuptools-45.2.0.virtualenveasy_install.py          sqlparsepip                      sqlparse-0.3.0.dist-infopip-20.0.2.dist-info     wheelpip-20.0.2.virtualenv    wheel-0.34.2.dist-infopkg_resources            wheel-0.34.2.virtualenvpytz[[email protected] site-packages]# pwd/usr/src/Python-3.7.1/web/lib/python3.7/site-packages?

找到django的安装位置

修改uwsgi配置文件，增加pythonpath项，保存重启uwsgi

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini [uwsgi]uid = wwwgid = wwwsocket = 127.0.0.1:9090master = truevhost = trueno-site = trueworkers = 2reload-mercy = 10vacuum = truemax-requests = 1000limit-as = 512buffer-size = 30000pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.piddaemonize = /var/log/uwsgi9090.logpythonpath = /usr/src/Python-3.7.1/web/lib/python3.7/site-packages?

（3）测试

/etc/init.d/uwsgi stop/etc/init.d/uwsgi startnetstat -ntpl    # 查看服务状态?/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx   # 启动nginxs

成功访问django的默认页

技术图片

参考资料

[1]：https://uwsgi-docs-zh.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/Options.html

部署基于python的web发布环境（第三篇）：环境部署4：centos7安装uwsgi、发布网站

热门文章：

部署基于python的web发布环境（第三篇）：环境部署4：centos7安装uwsgi、发布网站，,一、业务逻辑图二、安