【Python笔记】如何用C语言实现Python第三方扩展包,,Python支持C/


Python支持C/C++实现的第3方扩展包,在性能要求高的场合,这种特性显得尤其重要。

本文以实例说明定制Python扩展包的基本步骤。

1. 扩展包源码实现

按照Python官网教程Extending Python with C or C++说明的步骤,扩展模块的源文件实现如下:
#include <Python.h>// forward declarationvoid initpyext(void);// self-defined error objstatic PyObject * ExtError;int main(int argc, char * argv[]){    // Pass argv[0] to the Python interpreter    Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]);    // Initialize the Python interpreter. Required.    Py_Initialize();        initpyext();    Py_Exit(0);    // not reached, warning will be printed when build the extension}static PyObject * py_ext_test_func(PyObject * self, PyObject * args) {    const char * command;    int sts;    if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &command)) {        return NULL;    }    sts = system(command);    if(sts < 0) {        PyErr_SetString(ExtError, "System command failed");        return NULL;    }    return PyLong_FromLong(sts);}static PyMethodDef PyextMethods[] = {    {"ext_cmd", py_ext_test_func, METH_VARARGS, "Execute a shell command." },    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} };PyMODINIT_FUNC initpyext(void){    PyObject * m;    m = Py_InitModule("pyext", PyextMethods);    if(NULL == m) {        return;    }    ExtError = PyErr_NewException("pyext.error", NULL, NULL);    Py_INCREF(ExtError);    PyModule_AddObject(m, "error", ExtError);}
上面的代码展示的是一个典型的针对Python的c扩展源码布局:
1. 定义main函数,作为扩展模块的入口
2. main函数调用initpyext(),initpyext函数名必须是initname格式,其中name是扩展模块名(扩展模块名由Py_InitModule的参数指定)
3. initpyext函数中,调用Py_InitModule初始化扩展模块名及其支持的方法名,其中method list是由static数组PyextMethods定义的
4. PyextMethods数组中,注册扩展模块支持的methods的name及其对应的函数指针
5. 为每个在PyextMethods数组中注册的method定义并实现具体的行为

2. 扩展文件编译/链接

根据官网文档Building C and C++ Extensions with distutils,可以这样编译扩展并安装至python第三方package目录:
$> python setup.py buildrunning buildrunning build_extbuilding 'pyext' extensiongcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/home/slvher/tools/python-2.7.5/include/python2.7 -c pyext.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/pyext.opyext.c: In function `main':pyext.c:28: warning: control reaches end of non-void functiongcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/pyext.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/pyext.so
注意:这里直接用python调用setup.py是因为在PATH中设置了python的默认环境变量,如果当前系统默认的python解释器不是我们想要用来编译扩展的解释器时,需要用python的绝对路径调用。
3. 安装扩展包
$> python setup.py installrunning installrunning buildrunning build_extrunning install_libcopying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/pyext.so -> /home/slvher/tools/python-2.7.5/lib/python2.7/site-packagesrunning install_egg_infoWriting /home/slvher/tools/python-2.7.5/lib/python2.7/site-packages/TestPyExtPackage-1.0-py2.7.egg-info
4. 验证是否可用
安装成功后,进入python解释器,import扩展模块后,可以调用其方法名:
>>> import pyext>>> pyext.ext_cmd("echo hello world")hello world0L>>> 
【参考资料】
1.Extending Python with C or C++

2.Building C and C++ Extensions with distutils

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【Python笔记】如何用C语言实现Python第三方扩展包

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