Python爬虫实战：采集淘宝商品信息并导入EXCEL表格，
Python爬虫实战：采集淘宝商品信息并导入EXCEL表格，
文章目录
前言
- 一、解析淘宝URL组成
- 二、查看网页源码并用re库提取信息
- 1.查看源码2.re库提取信息
- 三：函数填写
- 四：主函数填写
- 五：完整代码
前言
本文简单使用python的requests库及re正则表达式对淘宝的商品信息(商品名称，商品价格，生产地区，以及销售额)进行了爬取，并最后用xlsxwriter库将信息放入Excel表格。最后的效果图如下：
提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容
一、解析淘宝URL组成
1.我们的第一个需求就是要输入商品名字返回对应的信息
所以我们这里随便选一个商品来观察它的URL，这里我们选择的是书包，打开网页，可知他的URL为：
https://s.taobao.com/search?q=%E4%B9%A6%E5%8C%85&imgfile=&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item&sourceId=tb.index&spm=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306
可能单单从这个url里我们看不出什么，但是我们可以从图中看出一些端倪
我们发现q后面的参数就是我们要获取的物品的名字
2.我们第二个需求就是根据输入的数字来爬取商品的页码
所以我们来观察一下后面几页URL的组成
由此我们可以得出分页的依据是最后s的值=(44(页数-1))
二、查看网页源码并用re库提取信息
1.查看源码
这里的几个信息都是我们所需要的
2.re库提取信息
- a = re.findall(r'"raw_title":"(.*?)"', html)
- b = re.findall(r'"view_price":"(.*?)"', html)
- c = re.findall(r'"item_loc":"(.*?)"', html)
- d = re.findall(r'"view_sales":"(.*?)"', html)
三：函数填写
这里我写了三个函数，第一个函数来获取html网页，代码如下：
- def GetHtml(url):
- r = requests.get(url,headers =headers)
- r.raise_for_status()
- r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
- return r
第二个用于获取网页的URL代码如下：
- def Geturls(q, x):
- url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q=" + q + "&imgfile=&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item&sourceId=tb.index&spm" \
- "=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306 "
- urls = []
- urls.append(url)
- if x == 1:
- return urls
- for i in range(1, x ):
- url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q="+ q + "&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item" \
- "&sourceId=tb.index&spm=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306" \
- "&bcoffset=3&ntoffset=3&p4ppushleft=1%2C48&s=" + str(
- i * 44)
- urls.append(url)
- return urls
第三个用于获取我们需要的商品信息并写入Excel表格代码如下：
- def GetxxintoExcel(html):
- global count#定义一个全局变量count用于后面excel表的填写
- a = re.findall(r'"raw_title":"(.*?)"', html)#（.*?）匹配任意字符
- b = re.findall(r'"view_price":"(.*?)"', html)
- c = re.findall(r'"item_loc":"(.*?)"', html)
- d = re.findall(r'"view_sales":"(.*?)"', html)
- x = []
- for i in range(len(a)):
- try:
- x.append((a[i],b[i],c[i],d[i]))#把获取的信息放入新的列表中
- except IndexError:
- break
- i = 0
- for i in range(len(x)):
- worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 0, x[i][0])#worksheet.write方法用于写入数据,第一个数字是行位置，第二个数字是列，第三个是写入的数据信息。
- worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 1, x[i][1])
- worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 2, x[i][2])
- worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 3, x[i][3])
- count = count +len(x) #下次写入的行数是这次的长度+1
- return print("已完成")
四：主函数填写
- if __name__ == "__main__":
- count = 0
- headers = {
- "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36"
- ,"cookie":""#cookie 是每个人独有的，因为反爬机制的缘故，爬取太快可能到后面要重新刷新一下自己的Cookie。
- }
- q = input("输入货物")
- x = int(input("你想爬取几页"))
- urls = Geturls(q,x)
- workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(q+".xlsx")
- worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
- worksheet.set_column('A:A', 70)
- worksheet.set_column('B:B', 20)
- worksheet.set_column('C:C', 20)
- worksheet.set_column('D:D', 20)
- worksheet.write('A1', '名称')
- worksheet.write('B1', '价格')
- worksheet.write('C1', '地区')
- worksheet.write('D1', '付款人数')
- for url in urls:
- html = GetHtml(url)
- s = GetxxintoExcel(html.text)
- time.sleep(5)
- workbook.close()#在程序结束之前不要打开excel，excel表在当前目录下
五：完整代码
- import re
- import requests
- import xlsxwriter
- import time
- def GetxxintoExcel(html):
- global count
- a = re.findall(r'"raw_title":"(.*?)"', html)
- b = re.findall(r'"view_price":"(.*?)"', html)
- c = re.findall(r'"item_loc":"(.*?)"', html)
- d = re.findall(r'"view_sales":"(.*?)"', html)
- x = []
- for i in range(len(a)):
- try:
- x.append((a[i],b[i],c[i],d[i]))
- except IndexError:
- break
- i = 0
- for i in range(len(x)):
- worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 0, x[i][0])
- worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 1, x[i][1])
- worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 2, x[i][2])
- worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 3, x[i][3])
- count = count +len(x)
- return print("已完成")
- def Geturls(q, x):
- url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q=" + q + "&imgfile=&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item&sourceId=tb.index&spm" \
- "=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306 "
- urls = []
- urls.append(url)
- if x == 1:
- return urls
- for i in range(1, x ):
- url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q="+ q + "&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item" \
- "&sourceId=tb.index&spm=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306" \
- "&bcoffset=3&ntoffset=3&p4ppushleft=1%2C48&s=" + str(
- i * 44)
- urls.append(url)
- return urls
- def GetHtml(url):
- r = requests.get(url,headers =headers)
- r.raise_for_status()
- r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
- return r
- if __name__ == "__main__":
- count = 0
- headers = {
- "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36"
- ,"cookie":""
- }
- q = input("输入货物")
- x = int(input("你想爬取几页"))
- urls = Geturls(q,x)
- workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(q+".xlsx")
- worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
- worksheet.set_column('A:A', 70)
- worksheet.set_column('B:B', 20)
- worksheet.set_column('C:C', 20)
- worksheet.set_column('D:D', 20)
- worksheet.write('A1', '名称')
- worksheet.write('B1', '价格')
- worksheet.write('C1', '地区')
- worksheet.write('D1', '付款人数')
- xx = []
- for url in urls:
- html = GetHtml(url)
- s = GetxxintoExcel(html.text)
- time.sleep(5)
- workbook.close()
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