Python锛堝瓧绗︾紪鐮侊級，,鏍囩锛?a hre

鏍囩锛?a href='http://www.byrx.net/so/1/%e8%af%81%e6%98%8e' title='璇佹槑'>璇佹槑

https://www.cnblogs.com/zihe/p/6993891.html

涓€ 浜嗚В瀛楃缂栫爜鐨勭煡璇嗗偍澶?/h1>

銆€銆€1. 鏂囨湰缂栬緫鍣ㄥ瓨鍙栨枃浠剁殑鍘熺悊锛坣odepad++锛宲ycharm锛寃ord锛?/strong>

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鍦ㄨ繖涓€鐐逛笂锛屾垜浠紪鍐欎竴涓猵y鏂囦欢锛堟病鏈夋墽琛岋級锛岃窡缂栧啓鍏朵粬鏂囦欢娌℃湁浠讳綍鍖哄埆锛岄兘鍙槸鍦ㄧ紪鍐欎竴鍫嗗瓧绗﹁€屽凡銆?/p>

2. python瑙ｉ噴鍣ㄦ墽琛宲y鏂囦欢鐨勫師鐞?锛屼緥濡俻ython test.py

銆€銆€銆€銆€绗竴闃舵锛歱ython瑙ｉ噴鍣ㄥ惎鍔紝姝ゆ椂灏辩浉褰撲簬鍚姩浜嗕竴涓枃鏈紪杈戝櫒

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銆€銆€銆€銆€绗笁闃舵锛歱ython瑙ｉ噴鍣ㄨВ閲婃墽琛屽垰鍒氬姞杞藉埌鍐呭瓨涓璽est.py鐨勪唬鐮併€€銆€

銆€銆€鎬荤粨锛?/strong>

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浜?浠€涔堟槸瀛楃缂栫爜

銆€銆€璁＄畻鏈鸿鎯冲伐浣滃繀椤婚€氱數,涔熷氨鏄‘鐢?rsquo;椹变娇璁＄畻鏈哄共娲?鑰?lsquo;鐢?rsquo;鐨勭壒鎬э紝灏辨槸楂樹綆鐢靛钩(楂樹綆骞冲嵆浜岃繘鍒舵暟1,浣庣數骞冲嵆浜岃繘鍒舵暟0),涔熷氨鏄璁＄畻鏈哄彧璁よ瘑鏁板瓧

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銆€銆€瀛楃--------锛堢炕璇戣繃绋嬶級------->鏁板瓧

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涓?瀛楃缂栫爜鐨勫彂灞曞彶

闃舵涓€锛氱幇浠ｈ绠楁満璧锋簮浜庣編鍥斤紝鏈€鏃╄癁鐢熶篃鏄熀浜庤嫳鏂囪€冭檻鐨凙SCII

銆€銆€ASCII:涓€涓狟ytes浠ｈ〃涓€涓瓧绗︼紙鑻辨枃瀛楃/閿洏涓婄殑鎵€鏈夊叾浠栧瓧绗︼級锛?Bytes=8bit锛?bit鍙互琛ㄧず0-2**8-1绉嶅彉鍖栵紝鍗冲彲浠ヨ〃绀?56涓瓧绗?/p>

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銆€銆€銆€銆€鍚庢潵涓轰簡灏嗘媺涓佹枃涔熺紪鐮佽繘浜咥SCII琛紝灏嗘渶楂樹綅涔熷崰鐢ㄤ簡

闃舵浜?涓轰簡婊¤冻涓枃锛屼腑鍥戒汉瀹氬埗浜咷BK

銆€銆€GBK:2Bytes浠ｈ〃涓€涓瓧绗?/p>

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銆€銆€鏃ユ湰鎶婃棩鏂囩紪鍒?code>Shift_JIS閲岋紝闊╁浗鎶婇煩鏂囩紪鍒?code>Euc-kr閲?/p>

闃舵涓夛細鍚勫浗鏈夊悇鍥界殑鏍囧噯锛屽氨浼氫笉鍙伩鍏嶅湴鍑虹幇鍐茬獊锛岀粨鏋滃氨鏄紝鍦ㄥ璇█娣峰悎鐨勬枃鏈腑锛屾樉绀哄嚭鏉ヤ細鏈変贡鐮併€?/strong>

浜庢槸浜х敓浜唘nicode锛屻€€缁熶竴鐢?Bytes浠ｈ〃涓€涓瓧绗︼紝銆€2**16-1=65535锛屽彲浠ｈ〃6涓囧涓瓧绗︼紝鍥犺€屽吋瀹逛竾鍥借瑷€

浣嗗浜庨€氱瘒閮芥槸鑻辨枃鐨勬枃鏈潵璇达紝杩欑缂栫爜鏂瑰紡鏃犵枒鏄浜嗕竴鍊嶇殑瀛樺偍绌洪棿锛堜簩杩涘埗鏈€缁堥兘鏄互鐢垫垨鑰呯鐨勬柟寮忓瓨鍌ㄥ埌瀛樺偍浠嬭川涓殑锛?/p>

浜庢槸浜х敓浜哢TF-8锛屽鑻辨枃瀛楃鍙敤1Bytes琛ㄧず锛屽涓枃瀛楃鐢?Bytes

闇€瑕佸己璋冪殑涓€鐐规槸锛?/strong>

unicode锛氱畝鍗曠矖鏆达紝鎵€鏈夊瓧绗﹂兘鏄?Bytes锛屼紭鐐规槸瀛楃->鏁板瓧鐨勮浆鎹㈤€熷害蹇紝缂虹偣鏄崰鐢ㄧ┖闂村ぇ

utf-8锛氱簿鍑嗭紝瀵逛笉鍚岀殑瀛楃鐢ㄤ笉鍚岀殑闀垮害琛ㄧず锛屼紭鐐规槸鑺傜渷绌洪棿锛岀己鐐规槸锛氬瓧绗?>鏁板瓧鐨勮浆鎹㈤€熷害鎱紝鍥犱负姣忔閮介渶瑕佽绠楀嚭瀛楃闇€瑕佸闀跨殑Bytes鎵嶈兘澶熷噯纭〃绀?/p>鍐呭瓨涓娇鐢ㄧ殑缂栫爜鏄痷nicode锛岀敤绌洪棿鎹㈡椂闂达紙绋嬪簭閮介渶瑕佸姞杞藉埌鍐呭瓨鎵嶈兘杩愯锛屽洜鑰屽唴瀛樺簲璇ユ槸灏藉彲鑳界殑淇濊瘉蹇級纭洏涓垨鑰呯綉缁滀紶杈撶敤utf-8锛岀綉缁淚/O寤惰繜鎴栫鐩業/O寤惰繜瑕佽繙澶т笌utf-8鐨勮浆鎹㈠欢杩燂紝鑰屼笖I/O搴旇鏄敖鍙兘鍦拌妭鐪佸甫瀹斤紝淇濊瘉鏁版嵁浼犺緭鐨勭ǔ瀹氭€с€?/strong>

鍥?瀛楃缂栫爜鍒嗙被

璁＄畻鏈虹敱缇庡浗浜哄彂鏄庯紝鏈€鏃╃殑瀛楃缂栫爜涓篈SCII锛屽彧瑙勫畾浜嗚嫳鏂囧瓧姣嶆暟瀛楀拰涓€浜涚壒娈婂瓧绗︿笌鏁板瓧鐨勫搴斿叧绯汇€?/p>

ascii鐢?涓瓧鑺傦紙8浣嶄簩杩涘埗锛変唬琛ㄤ竴涓瓧绗?/p>

unicode甯哥敤2涓瓧鑺傦紙16浣嶄簩杩涘埗锛変唬琛ㄤ竴涓瓧绗︼紝鐢熷兓瀛楅渶瑕佺敤4涓瓧鑺?/p>

濡傛灉鎴戜滑鐨勬枃妗ｉ€氱瘒閮芥槸鑻辨枃锛屼綘鐢╱nicode浼氭瘮ascii鑰楄垂澶氫竴鍊嶇殑绌洪棿锛屽湪瀛樺偍鍜屼紶杈撲笂鍗佸垎鐨勪綆鏁?/p>

鏈潃鑺傜害鐨勭簿绁烇紝鍙堝嚭鐜颁簡鎶奤nicode缂栫爜杞寲涓?ldquo;鍙彉闀跨紪鐮?rdquo;鐨?code>UTF-8缂栫爜銆俇TF-8缂栫爜鎶婁竴涓猆nicode瀛楃鏍规嵁涓嶅悓鐨勬暟瀛楀ぇ灏忕紪鐮佹垚1-6涓瓧鑺傦紝甯哥敤鐨勮嫳鏂囧瓧姣嶈缂栫爜鎴?涓瓧鑺傦紝姹夊瓧閫氬父鏄?涓瓧鑺傦紝鍙湁寰堢敓鍍荤殑瀛楃鎵嶄細琚紪鐮佹垚4-6涓瓧鑺傘€傚鏋滀綘瑕佷紶杈撶殑鏂囨湰鍖呭惈澶ч噺鑻辨枃瀛楃锛岀敤UTF-8缂栫爜灏辫兘鑺傜渷绌洪棿锛?/p>

瀛楃	ASCII	Unicode	UTF-8
A	01000001	00000000 01000001	01000001
涓?/td>	x	01001110 00101101	11100100 10111000 10101101

浠庝笂闈㈢殑琛ㄦ牸杩樺彲浠ュ彂鐜帮紝UTF-8缂栫爜鏈変竴涓澶栫殑濂藉锛屽氨鏄疉SCII缂栫爜瀹為檯涓婂彲浠ヨ鐪嬫垚鏄疷TF-8缂栫爜鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎锛屾墍浠ワ紝澶ч噺鍙敮鎸丄SCII缂栫爜鐨勫巻鍙查仐鐣欒蒋浠跺彲浠ュ湪UTF-8缂栫爜涓嬬户缁伐浣溿€?/p>

浜?瀛楃缂栫爜鐨勪娇鐢?/h1>

5.1 鏂囨湰缂栬緫鍣ㄤ竴閿呯

5.1.2 鏂囨湰缂栬緫鍣╪odpad++

鎬荤粨锛?/strong>

鏃犺鏄綍绉嶇紪杈戝櫒锛岃闃叉鏂囦欢鍑虹幇涔辩爜锛堣涓€瀹氭敞鎰忥紝瀛樻斁涓€娈典唬鐮佺殑鏂囦欢涔熶粎浠呭彧鏄竴涓櫘閫氭枃浠惰€屽凡锛屾澶勬寚鐨勬槸鏂囦欢娌℃湁鎵ц鍓嶏紝鎴戜滑鎵撳紑鏂囦欢鏃跺嚭鐜扮殑涔辩爜锛?/strong>

鏍稿績娉曞垯灏辨槸锛屾枃浠朵互浠€涔堢紪鐮佷繚瀛樼殑锛屽氨浠ヤ粈涔堢紪鐮佹柟寮忔墦寮€

鑰屾枃浠剁紪鐮佷繚瀛樻椂鍊欎娇鐢ㄧ殑缂栫爜鏂瑰紡鏄彸涓嬭鐨勭紪鐮佹柟寮忥紝鑰岃В鐮佺殑鏃跺€欐槸浣跨敤鏂囨。寮€澶寸敵鏄庣殑缂栫爜鏂瑰紡锛屼袱绉嶇紪鐮佷笉鍚岀殑鏃跺€欏緢瀹规槗鍑虹幇涔辩爜鐨勬儏鍐点€?/strong>

5.2 绋嬪簭鐨勬墽琛?/h2>

python test.py 锛堟垜鍐嶅己璋冧竴閬嶏紝鎵цtest.py鐨勭涓€姝ワ紝涓€瀹氭槸鍏堝皢鏂囦欢鍐呭璇诲叆鍒板唴瀛樹腑锛?/p>

闃舵涓€锛氬惎鍔╬ython瑙ｉ噴鍣?/strong>

闃舵浜岋細python瑙ｉ噴鍣ㄦ鏃跺氨鏄竴涓枃鏈紪杈戝櫒锛岃礋璐ｆ墦寮€鏂囦欢test.py,鍗充粠纭洏涓鍙杢est.py鐨勫唴瀹瑰埌鍐呭瓨涓?/strong>

姝ゆ椂锛宲ython瑙ｉ噴鍣ㄤ細璇诲彇test.py鐨勭涓€琛屽唴瀹癸紝#coding:utf-8锛屾潵鍐冲畾浠ヤ粈涔堢紪鐮佹牸寮忔潵璇诲叆鍐呭瓨锛岃繖涓€琛屽氨鏄潵璁惧畾python瑙ｉ噴鍣ㄨ繖涓蒋浠剁殑缂栫爜浣跨敤鐨勭紪鐮佹牸寮忚繖涓紪鐮侊紝

鍙互鐢╯ys.getdefaultencoding()鏌ョ湅锛屽鏋滀笉鍦╬ython鏂囦欢鎸囧畾澶翠俊鎭純-*-coding:utf-8-*-,閭ｅ氨浣跨敤榛樿鐨?/p>

python2涓粯璁や娇鐢╝scii锛宲ython3涓粯璁や娇鐢╱tf-8

闃舵涓夛細璇诲彇宸茬粡鍔犺浇鍒板唴瀛樼殑浠ｇ爜锛坲nicode缂栫爜鐨勪簩杩涘埗锛夛紝鐒跺悗鎵ц锛屾墽琛岃繃绋嬩腑鍙兘浼氬紑杈熸柊鐨勫唴瀛樼┖闂达紝姣斿x="egon"

鍐呭瓨鐨勭紪鐮佷娇鐢╱nicode锛屼笉浠ｈ〃鍐呭瓨涓叏閮芥槸unicode缂栫爜鐨勪簩杩涘埗锛?/p>

鍦ㄧ▼搴忔墽琛屼箣鍓嶏紝鍐呭瓨涓‘瀹為兘鏄痷nicode缂栫爜鐨勪簩杩涘埗,姣斿浠庢枃浠朵腑璇诲彇浜嗕竴琛寈="egon",鍏朵腑鐨剎锛岀瓑鍙凤紝寮曞彿锛屽湴浣嶉兘涓€鏍凤紝閮芥槸鏅€氬瓧绗﹁€屽凡锛岄兘鏄互unicode缂栫爜鐨勪簩杩涘埗褰㈠紡瀛樻斁涓庡唴瀛樹腑鐨?/p>

浣嗘槸绋嬪簭鍦ㄦ墽琛岃繃绋嬩腑锛屼細鐢宠鍐呭瓨锛堜笌绋嬪簭浠ｇ爜鎵€瀛樺湪鐨勫唴瀛樻槸淇╀釜绌洪棿锛夛紝鍙互瀛樻斁浠绘剰缂栫爜鏍煎紡鐨勬暟鎹紝姣斿x="egon",浼氳python瑙ｉ噴鍣ㄨ瘑鍒负瀛楃涓诧紝浼氱敵璇峰唴瀛樼┖闂存潵瀛樻斁"hello"锛岀劧鍚庤x鎸囧悜璇ュ唴瀛樺湴鍧€锛屾鏃舵柊鐢宠鐨勮鍐呭瓨鍦板潃淇濆瓨涔熸槸unicode缂栫爜鐨別gon,濡傛灉浠ｇ爜鎹㈡垚x="egon".encode(鈥榰tf-8鈥?,閭ｄ箞鏂扮敵璇风殑鍐呭瓨绌洪棿閲屽瓨鏀剧殑灏辨槸utf-8缂栫爜鐨勫瓧绗︿覆egon浜?/p>

閽堝python3濡備笅鍥?/p>

娴忚缃戦〉鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ細鎶婂姩鎬佺敓鎴愮殑Unicode鍐呭杞崲涓篣TF-8鍐嶄紶杈撳埌娴忚鍣?/p>

濡傛灉鏈嶅姟绔痚ncode鐨勭紪鐮佹牸寮忔槸utf-8锛?瀹㈡埛绔唴瀛樹腑鏀跺埌鐨勪篃鏄痷tf-8缂栫爜鐨勪簩杩涘埗銆?/p>

5.3 python2涓巔ython3鐨勫尯鍒?/h2>

5.3.1 鍦╬ython2涓湁涓ょ瀛楃涓茬被鍨媠tr鍜寀nicode

str绫诲瀷

褰損ython瑙ｉ噴鍣ㄦ墽琛屽埌浜х敓瀛楃涓茬殑浠ｇ爜鏃讹紙渚嬪s=鈥樻灄鈥橈級锛屼細鐢宠鏂扮殑鍐呭瓨鍦板潃锛岀劧鍚庡皢鈥樻灄鈥榚ncode鎴愭枃浠跺紑澶存寚瀹氱殑缂栫爜鏍煎紡锛岃繖宸茬粡鏄痚ncode涔嬪悗鐨勭粨鏋滀簡锛屾墍浠鍙兘decode

1 #_*_coding:gbk_*_2 #!/usr/bin/env python3 4 x=鈥樻灄鈥?5 # print x.encode(鈥榞bk鈥? #鎶ラ敊6 print x.decode(鈥榞bk鈥? #缁撴灉锛氭灄

鎵€浠ュ緢閲嶈鐨勪竴鐐规槸锛?/p>

鍦╬ython2涓紝str灏辨槸缂栫爜鍚庣殑缁撴灉bytes锛宻tr=bytes,鎵€浠ュ湪python2涓紝unicode瀛楃缂栫爜鐨勭粨鏋滄槸str/bytes

#coding:utf-8s=鈥樻灄鈥?#鍦ㄦ墽琛屾椂,鈥樻灄鈥樹細琚互conding:utf-8鐨勫舰寮忎繚瀛樺埌鏂扮殑鍐呭瓨绌洪棿涓?print repr(s) #鈥榎xe6\x9e\x97鈥?涓変釜Bytes,璇佹槑纭疄鏄痷tf-8print type(s) #<type 鈥榮tr鈥?gt;s.decode(鈥榰tf-8鈥?# s.encode(鈥榰tf-8鈥? #鎶ラ敊锛宻涓虹紪鐮佸悗鐨勭粨鏋渂ytes锛屾墍浠ュ彧鑳絛ecode

unicode绫诲瀷

褰損ython瑙ｉ噴鍣ㄦ墽琛屽埌浜х敓瀛楃涓茬殑浠ｇ爜鏃讹紙渚嬪s=u鈥樻灄鈥橈級锛屼細鐢宠鏂扮殑鍐呭瓨鍦板潃锛岀劧鍚庡皢鈥樻灄鈥樹互unicode鐨勬牸寮忓瓨鏀惧埌鏂扮殑鍐呭瓨绌洪棿涓紝鎵€浠鍙兘encode锛屼笉鑳絛ecode

s=u鈥樻灄鈥?print repr(s) #u鈥榎u6797鈥?print type(s) #<type 鈥榰nicode鈥?gt;# s.decode(鈥榰tf-8鈥? #鎶ラ敊锛宻涓簎nicode锛屾墍浠ュ彧鑳絜ncodes.encode(鈥榰tf-8鈥? 

鎵撳嵃鍒扮粓绔?/strong>

瀵逛簬print闇€瑕佺壒鍒鏄庣殑鏄細

褰撶▼搴忔墽琛屾椂锛屾瘮濡?/p>

x=鈥樻灄鈥?/p>

print(x) #杩欎竴姝ユ槸灏唜鎸囧悜鐨勯偅鍧楁柊鐨勫唴瀛樼┖闂达紙闈炰唬鐮佹墍鍦ㄧ殑鍐呭瓨绌洪棿锛変腑鐨勫唴瀛橈紝鎵撳嵃鍒扮粓绔紝鑰岀粓绔粛鐒舵槸杩愯浜庡唴瀛樹腑鐨勶紝鎵€浠ヨ繖鎵撳嵃鍙互鐞嗚В涓轰粠鍐呭瓨鎵撳嵃鍒板唴瀛橈紝鍗冲唴瀛?>鍐呭瓨锛寀nicode->unicode

瀵逛簬unicode鏍煎紡鐨勬暟鎹潵璇达紝鏃犺鎬庝箞鎵撳嵃锛岄兘涓嶄細涔辩爜

python3涓殑瀛楃涓蹭笌python2涓殑u鈥樺瓧绗︿覆鈥橈紝閮芥槸unicode锛屾墍浠ユ棤璁哄浣曟墦鍗伴兘涓嶄細涔辩爜

鍦╬ycharm涓?/p>

鍦╳indows缁堢

浣嗘槸鍦╬ython2涓瓨鍦ㄥ彟澶栦竴绉嶉潪unicode鐨勫瓧绗︿覆锛屾鏃讹紝print x锛屼細鎸夌収缁堢鐨勭紪鐮佹墽琛寈.decode(鈥樼粓绔紪鐮佲€?锛屽彉鎴恥nicode鍚庯紝鍐嶆墦鍗帮紝姝ゆ椂缁堢缂栫爜鑻ヤ笌鏂囦欢寮€澶存寚瀹氱殑缂栫爜涓嶄竴鑷达紝涔辩爜灏变骇鐢熶簡

鍦╬ycharm涓紙缁堢缂栫爜涓簎tf-8锛屾枃浠剁紪鐮佷负utf-8锛屼笉浼氫贡鐮侊級

鍦╳indows缁堢锛堢粓绔紪鐮佷负gbk锛屾枃浠剁紪鐮佷负utf-8锛屼贡鐮佷骇鐢燂級

鎬濊€冮锛?/p>

鍒嗗埆楠岃瘉鍦╬ycharm涓拰cmd涓笅杩扮殑鎵撳嵃缁撴灉

#coding:utf-8s=u鈥樻灄鈥?#褰撶▼搴忔墽琛屾椂锛屸€樻灄鈥樹細琚互unicode褰㈠紡淇濆瓨鏂扮殑鍐呭瓨绌洪棿涓?#s鎸囧悜鐨勬槸unicode锛屽洜鑰屽彲浠ョ紪鐮佹垚浠绘剰鏍煎紡锛岄兘涓嶄細鎶ncode閿欒s1=s.encode(鈥榰tf-8鈥?s2=s.encode(鈥榞bk鈥?print s1 #鎵撳嵃姝ｅ父鍚︼紵print s2 #鎵撳嵃姝ｅ父鍚?print repr(s) #u鈥榎u6797鈥?print repr(s1) #鈥榎xe6\x9e\x97鈥?缂栫爜涓€涓眽瀛梪tf-8鐢?Bytesprint repr(s2) #鈥榎xc1\xd6鈥?缂栫爜涓€涓眽瀛梘bk鐢?Bytesprint type(s) #<type 鈥榰nicode鈥?gt;print type(s1) #<type 鈥榮tr鈥?gt;print type(s2) #<type 鈥榮tr鈥?gt;

5.3.2 鍦╬ython3涓篃鏈変袱绉嶅瓧绗︿覆绫诲瀷str鍜宐ytes

str鏄痷nicode

#coding:utf-8s=鈥樻灄鈥?#褰撶▼搴忔墽琛屾椂锛屾棤闇€鍔爑锛屸€樻灄鈥樹篃浼氳浠nicode褰㈠紡淇濆瓨鏂扮殑鍐呭瓨绌洪棿涓?#s鍙互鐩存帴encode鎴愪换鎰忕紪鐮佹牸寮?s.encode(鈥榰tf-8鈥?s.encode(鈥榞bk鈥?print(type(s)) #<class 鈥榮tr鈥?gt;

bytes鏄痓ytes

#coding:utf-8s=鈥樻灄鈥?#褰撶▼搴忔墽琛屾椂锛屾棤闇€鍔爑锛屸€樻灄鈥樹篃浼氳浠nicode褰㈠紡淇濆瓨鏂扮殑鍐呭瓨绌洪棿涓?#s鍙互鐩存帴encode鎴愪换鎰忕紪鐮佹牸寮?s1=s.encode(鈥榰tf-8鈥?s2=s.encode(鈥榞bk鈥?print(s) #鏋?print(s1) #b鈥榎xe6\x9e\x97鈥?鍦╬ython3涓紝鏄粈涔堝氨鎵撳嵃浠€涔?print(s2) #b鈥榎xc1\xd6鈥?鍚屼笂print(type(s)) #<class 鈥榮tr鈥?gt;print(type(s1)) #<class 鈥榖ytes鈥?gt;print(type(s2)) #<class 鈥榖ytes鈥?gt;

Python锛堝瓧绗︾紪鐮侊級

鏍囩锛?a href='http://www.byrx.net/so/1/%e8%af%81%e6%98%8e' title='璇佹槑'>璇佹槑

鍘熸枃鍦板潃锛歨ttps://www.cnblogs.com/Alight/p/9589360.html