用Python的Turtle模块绘制五星红旗


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用Python的Turtle模块绘制五星红旗

在Udacity上课时学到了python的turtle方法,这是一个很经典的用来教小孩儿编程的图形模块,最早起源于logo语言。python本身内置了这个模块,其可视化的方法可以帮助小孩儿对编程的一些基本理念有所理解。
在作业提交的论坛里看到很多turtle画出来的精美图形,想不出什么要画的东西,于是决定拿五星红旗来练练手。

前期准备

  • 五星红旗绘制参数
  • Turtle官方文档

    turtle的基本操作

    # 初始化屏幕
    window = turtle.Screen()
    # 新建turtle对象实例
    import turtle
    aTurtle = turtle.Turtle()
    # 海龟设置
    aTurtle.hideturtle()    # 隐藏箭头
    aTurtle.speed(10)       # 设置速度
    # 前进后退,左转右转
    aTurtle.fd(100)     # 前进100像素
    aTurtle.right(90)   # 右转90°
    aTurtle.back(100)
    aTurtle.left(90)
    # 填充颜色
    aTurtle.begin_fill()
    aTurtle.fillcolor('yellow')
    DoSomethinghere()
    aTurtle.end_fill()
    # 抬起笔和放下笔,这样进行的操作不会留下痕迹
    aTurtle.penup()
    aTurtle.goto(start_pos)
    aTurtle.fd(radius)
    aTurtle.pendown()
    

    绘制五星红旗代码

    github地址:https://gist.github.com/dc11287081ee67075da8

    #!/usr/bin/env python     
    # -*- coding: utf-8 –*-
    ''' 对于turtle类的一些封装方法,包括画正多边形,正多角形和五星红旗。'''
    __author__ = 'Hu Wenchao'
    
    import turtle
    import math
    
    def draw_polygon(aTurtle, size=50, n=3):
        ''' 绘制正多边形
    
        args:
            aTurtle: turtle对象实例
            size: int类型,正多边形的边长
            n: int类型,是几边形        
        '''
        for i in xrange(n):
            aTurtle.forward(size)
            aTurtle.left(360.0/n)
    
    def draw_n_angle(aTurtle, size=50, num=5, color=None):
        ''' 绘制正n角形,默认为黄色
    
        args:
            aTurtle: turtle对象实例
            size: int类型,正多角形的边长
            n: int类型,是几角形    
            color: str, 图形颜色,默认不填色
        '''
        if color:
            aTurtle.begin_fill()
            aTurtle.fillcolor(color)
        for i in xrange(num):
            aTurtle.forward(size)
            aTurtle.left(360.0/num)
            aTurtle.forward(size)
            aTurtle.right(2*360.0/num)
        if color:
            aTurtle.end_fill()
    
    def draw_5_angle(aTurtle=None, start_pos=(0,0), end_pos=(0,10), radius=100, color=None):
        ''' 根据起始位置、结束位置和外接圆半径画五角星
    
        args:
            aTurtle: turtle对象实例
            start_pos: int的二元tuple,要画的五角星的外接圆圆心
            end_pos: int的二元tuple,圆心指向的位置坐标点
            radius: 五角星外接圆半径
            color: str, 图形颜色,默认不填色    
        '''
        aTurtle = aTurtle or turtle.Turtle()
        size = radius * math.sin(math.pi/5)/math.sin(math.pi*2/5)
        aTurtle.left(math.degrees(math.atan2(end_pos[1]-start_pos[1], end_pos[0]-start_pos[0])))
        aTurtle.penup()
        aTurtle.goto(start_pos)
        aTurtle.fd(radius)
        aTurtle.pendown()
        aTurtle.right(math.degrees(math.pi*9/10))
        draw_n_angle(aTurtle, size, 5, color)
    
    def draw_5_star_flag(times=20.0):
        ''' 绘制五星红旗
    
        args:
            times: 五星红旗的规格为30*20, times为倍数,默认大小为10倍, 即300*200
        '''
        width, height = 30*times, 20*times
        # 初始化屏幕和海龟
        window = turtle.Screen()
        aTurtle = turtle.Turtle()
        aTurtle.hideturtle()
        aTurtle.speed(10)
        # 画红旗
        aTurtle.penup()
        aTurtle.goto(-width/2, height/2)
        aTurtle.pendown()
        aTurtle.begin_fill()
        aTurtle.fillcolor('red')
        aTurtle.fd(width)
        aTurtle.right(90)
        aTurtle.fd(height)
        aTurtle.right(90)
        aTurtle.fd(width)
        aTurtle.right(90)
        aTurtle.fd(height)
        aTurtle.right(90)    
        aTurtle.end_fill()
        # 画大星星
        draw_5_angle(aTurtle, start_pos=(-10*times, 5*times), end_pos=(-10*times, 8*times), radius=3*times, color='yellow')  
        # 画四个小星星
        stars_start_pos = [(-5, 8), (-3, 6), (-3, 3), (-5, 1)]
        for pos in stars_start_pos:
            draw_5_angle(aTurtle, start_pos=(pos[0]*times, pos[1]*times), end_pos=(-10*times, 5*times), radius=1*times, color='yellow')  
        # 点击关闭窗口
        window.exitonclick()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
            draw_5_star_flag()
    

    效果图

    效果图

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