Python编写的最短路径算法,python编写最短,未经作者许可,禁止转载!


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一心想学习算法,很少去真正静下心来去研究,前几天趁着周末去了解了最短路径的资料,用python写了一个最短路径算法。算法是基于带权无向图去寻找两个点之间的最短路径,数据存储用邻接矩阵记录。首先画出一幅无向图如下,标出各个节点之间的权值。

其中对应索引:

A ——> 0

B——> 1

C——> 2

D——>3

E——> 4

F——> 5

G——> 6

邻接矩阵表示无向图:

算法思想是通过Dijkstra算法结合自身想法实现的。大致思路是:从起始点开始,搜索周围的路径,记录每个点到起始点的权值存到已标记权值节点字典A,将起始点存入已遍历列表B,然后再遍历已标记权值节点字典A,搜索节点周围的路径,如果周围节点存在于表B,比较累加权值,新权值小于已有权值则更新权值和来源节点,否则什么都不做;如果不存在与表B,则添加节点和权值和来源节点到表A,直到搜索到终点则结束。

这时最短路径存在于表A中,得到终点的权值和来源路径,向上递推到起始点,即可得到最短路径,下面是代码:

Python
# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
class DijkstraExtendPath():
    def __init__(self, node_map):
        self.node_map = node_map
        self.node_length = len(node_map)
        self.used_node_list = []
        self.collected_node_dict = {}
    def __call__(self, from_node, to_node):
        self.from_node = from_node
        self.to_node = to_node
        self._init_dijkstra()
        return self._format_path()
    def _init_dijkstra(self):
        self.used_node_list.append(self.from_node)
        self.collected_node_dict[self.from_node] = [0, -1]
        for index1, node1 in enumerate(self.node_map[self.from_node]):
            if node1:
                self.collected_node_dict[index1] = [node1, self.from_node]
        self._foreach_dijkstra()
    def _foreach_dijkstra(self):
        if len(self.used_node_list) == self.node_length - 1:
            return
        for key, val in self.collected_node_dict.items():  # 遍历已有权值节点
            if key not in self.used_node_list and key != to_node:
                self.used_node_list.append(key)
            else:
                continue
            for index1, node1 in enumerate(self.node_map[key]):  # 对节点进行遍历
                # 如果节点在权值节点中并且权值大于新权值
                if node1 and index1 in self.collected_node_dict and self.collected_node_dict[index1][0] > node1 + val[0]:
                    self.collected_node_dict[index1][0] = node1 + val[0] # 更新权值
                    self.collected_node_dict[index1][1] = key
                elif node1 and index1 not in self.collected_node_dict:
                    self.collected_node_dict[index1] = [node1 + val[0], key]
        self._foreach_dijkstra()
    def _format_path(self):
        node_list = []
        temp_node = self.to_node
        node_list.append((temp_node, self.collected_node_dict[temp_node][0]))
        while self.collected_node_dict[temp_node][1] != -1:
            temp_node = self.collected_node_dict[temp_node][1]
            node_list.append((temp_node, self.collected_node_dict[temp_node][0]))
        node_list.reverse()
        return node_list
def set_node_map(node_map, node, node_list):
    for x, y, val in node_list:
        node_map[node.index(x)][node.index(y)] = node_map[node.index(y)][node.index(x)] =  val
if __name__ == "__main__":
    node = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G']
    node_list = [('A', 'F', 9), ('A', 'B', 10), ('A', 'G', 15), ('B', 'F', 2),
                 ('G', 'F', 3), ('G', 'E', 12), ('G', 'C', 10), ('C', 'E', 1),
                 ('E', 'D', 7)]
    node_map = [[0 for val in xrange(len(node))] for val in xrange(len(node))]
    set_node_map(node_map, node, node_list)
    # A -->; D
    from_node = node.index('A')
    to_node = node.index('D')
    dijkstrapath = DijkstraPath(node_map)
    path = dijkstrapath(from_node, to_node)
    print path

 

运行结果:

再来一例:

Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import itertools
import re
import math

def combination(lst):  # 全排序
    lists = []
    liter = itertools.permutations(lst)
    for lts in list(liter):
        lt = ''.join(lts)
        lists.append(lt)
    return lists

def coord(lst):  # 坐标输入
    coordinates = dict()
    print u'请输入坐标:(格式为A:7 17)'
    p = re.compile(r"d+")
    for char in lst:
        str = raw_input(char + ':')
        dot = p.findall(str)
        coordinates[char] = [dot[0], dot[1]]
    print coordinates
    return coordinates

def repeat(lst):  # 删除重复组合
    for ilist in lst:
        for k in xrange(len(ilist)):
            st = (ilist[k:], ilist[:k])
            strs = ''.join(st)
            for jlist in lst:
                if(cmp(strs, jlist) == 0):
                    lst.remove(jlist)
        for k in xrange(len(ilist)):
            st = (ilist[k:], ilist[:k])
            strs = ''.join(st)
            for jlist in lst:
                if(cmp(strs[::-1], jlist) == 0):
                    lst.remove(jlist)
        lst.append(ilist)
        print lst
    return lst

def count(lst, coordinates):  # 计算各路径
    way = dict()
    for str in lst:
        str = str + str[:1]
        length = 0
        for i in range(len(str) - 1):
            x = abs(float(coordinates[str[i]][0]) -
                    float(coordinates[str[i + 1]][0]))
            y = abs(float(coordinates[str[i]][1]) -
                    float(coordinates[str[i + 1]][1]))
            length += math.sqrt(x**2 + y**2)
        way[str[:len(str) - 1]] = length
    return way

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print u'请输入图节点:'
    rlist = list(raw_input())
    coordinates = coord(rlist)

    list_directive = combination(rlist)
#  print "有方向完全图所有路径为:",list_directive
#  for it in list_directive:
#    print it
    print u'有方向完全图所有路径总数:', len(list_directive), "n"

# 无方向完全图
    list_directive = repeat(list_directive)
    list_directive = repeat(list_directive)
#  print "无方向完全图所有路径为:",list_directive
    print u'无方向完全图所有路径为:'
    for it in list_directive:
        print it
    print u'无方向完全图所有路径总数:', len(list_directive)

    ways = count(list_directive, coordinates)
    print u'路径排序如下:'
    for dstr in sorted(ways.iteritems(), key=lambda d: d[1], reverse=False):
        print dstr
    raw_input()

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