python生成时间序列(date_range)，时间序列python,介绍自己写了一个用p

介绍

自己写了一个用python内置模块实现的生成时间序列的函数

支持自动推断字符串到datetime的转换, 但对格式有一定要求, 其它格式可手动指定格式化方式, 格式化方式与python内置格式化格式完全一致

支持输出格式化

以下是方法的源代码(python环境3.5以上, 没做更多版本的支持, 需要的自己稍作调整即可)

源代码

import reimport calendarimport datetimeclass FormatError(ValueError):    passclass Date(object):    @classmethod    def date_range(cls, start=None, end=None, periods=None, freq=None, input_format=None, out_format=None):        """        生成时间序列        :param start: 序列开始时间        :param end: 序列结束时间, 给定start时, 结束时间不包含end        :param periods: int, 生成的时间序列长度        :param freq: 要生成时间序列的时间间隔        :param out_format: 是否输出格式化后的字符串, 若要输出可指定输出格式. "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"        :param input_format: 若start或end是字符串且无法自动推断时间格式则需指定格式        :return: [date or date_str]        """        start = cls.str_to_date(start, input_format)        end = cls.str_to_date(end, input_format)        out = []        if start is None and end and periods:            for i in range(periods-1):                old, end = cls.date_replace(end, cls._freq(freq), mod="-")                if i == 0:                    out.append(old)                out = [end] + out        elif end is None and start and periods:            for i in range(periods-1):                old, start = cls.date_replace(start, cls._freq(freq), mod="+")                if i == 0:                    out.append(old)                out.append(start)        elif periods is None and start and end:            i = 0            while True:                old, start = cls.date_replace(start, cls._freq(freq), mod="+")                if i == 0:                    out.append(old)                    i += 1                if start < end:                    out.append(start)                else:                    break        else:            raise ValueError("start, end, periods 须且只能指定其中两个")        if out_format is True:            out = [str(i) for i in out]        elif out_format is not None:            out = [i.strftime(out_format) for i in out]        return out    @staticmethod    def date_replace(date, freq=(0, )*6, mod="+"):        timedelta = datetime.timedelta(days=freq[2], hours=freq[3], minutes=freq[4], seconds=freq[5])        if mod == "+":            if sum(freq[:2]) == 0:                old = date                date = date + timedelta            elif sum(freq[2:]) == 0:                y = date.year + freq[0] + (date.month + freq[1] - 1) // 12                m = (date.month + freq[1] - 1) % 12 + 1                old = date.replace(day=calendar.monthrange(date.year, date.month)[1])                date = date.replace(year=y, month=m, day=calendar.monthrange(y, m)[1])            else:                raise ValueError(" ‘年月‘ 不能同时和 ‘日时分秒‘ 作为间隔")        elif mod == "-":            if sum(freq[:2]) == 0:                old = date                date = date - timedelta            elif sum(freq[2:]) == 0:                y = date.year - freq[0] + (date.month - freq[1] - 1) // 12                m = (date.month - freq[1] - 1) % 12 + 1                old = date.replace(day=calendar.monthrange(date.year, date.month)[1])                date = date.replace(year=y, month=m, day=calendar.monthrange(y, m)[1])            else:                raise ValueError(" ‘年月‘ 不能同时和 ‘日时分秒‘ 作为间隔")        else:            raise ValueError("mod值只能是 ‘+‘ 或 ‘-‘ ")        return old, date    @staticmethod    def _freq(freq=None):        """        设置时间间隔        :param freq: "Y2m3d4H5M6S" 表示间隔 1年2月3日4时5分6秒        :return: [年, 月, 日, 时, 分, 秒]        """        freq_ = [0] * 6        if freq is None:            freq_[2] = 1            return freq_        for n, i in enumerate(["Y", "m", "d", "H", "M", "S"]):            r = f‘((\d*){i})‘            s = re.search(r, freq)            if s:                freq_[n] = int(s.group(2)) if s.group(2) else 1        return freq_    @staticmethod    def str_to_date(string, format_=None):        """        字符串转时间, 默认自动推断格式        :param string: 时间字符串        :param format_: 格式        :return: 对应的时间类型, 输入非字符串则原值输出        """        if not isinstance(string, str):            return string        if format_:            return datetime.datetime.strptime(string, format_)        s = re.match(r‘(\d{4})\D+(\d{1,2})\D+(\d{1,2})(?:\D+(\d{1,2}))?(?:\D+(\d{1,2}))?(?:\D+(\d{1,2}))?\D*$‘, string)        if s:            result = [int(i) for i in s.groups() if i]            return datetime.datetime(*result)        s = re.match(r‘(\d{4})\D*(\d{2})\D*(\d{2})\D*(\d{2})?\D*(\d{2})?\D*(\d{2})?\D*$‘, string)        if s:            result = [int(i) for i in s.groups() if i]            return datetime.datetime(*result)        else:            raise FormatError("自动推断失败, 请指定format_")

使用方式

print(Date.date_range(datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 18), periods=10))print()print(Date.date_range(‘20180918‘, ‘2018-09-28‘))print()print(Date.date_range(end=‘20180927‘, periods=10))print()print(Date.date_range(‘20180918‘, ‘2018-09-28‘, out_format=True))print()print(Date.date_range(‘2018/09/18‘, ‘2018-09-28‘, out_format="%Y-%m-%d"))print()print(Date.date_range(‘2018年9月18日‘, ‘2019-09-28‘, freq="m", out_format="%Y-%m-%d"))print()print(Date.date_range(‘2018/9/18‘, ‘2018-9-19‘, freq="3H", out_format=True))

对应结果

[datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 18, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 19, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 20, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 21, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 22, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 24, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 25, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 26, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 27, 0, 0)][datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 18, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 19, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 20, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 21, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 22, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 24, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 25, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 26, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 27, 0, 0)][datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 18, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 19, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 20, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 21, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 22, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 24, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 25, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 26, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 27, 0, 0)][‘2018-09-18 00:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-19 00:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-20 00:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-21 00:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-22 00:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-23 00:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-24 00:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-25 00:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-26 00:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-27 00:00:00‘][‘2018-09-18‘, ‘2018-09-19‘, ‘2018-09-20‘, ‘2018-09-21‘, ‘2018-09-22‘, ‘2018-09-23‘, ‘2018-09-24‘, ‘2018-09-25‘, ‘2018-09-26‘, ‘2018-09-27‘][‘2018-09-30‘, ‘2018-10-31‘, ‘2018-11-30‘, ‘2018-12-31‘, ‘2019-01-31‘, ‘2019-02-28‘, ‘2019-03-31‘, ‘2019-04-30‘, ‘2019-05-31‘, ‘2019-06-30‘, ‘2019-07-31‘, ‘2019-08-31‘][‘2018-09-18 00:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-18 03:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-18 06:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-18 09:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-18 12:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-18 15:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-18 18:00:00‘, ‘2018-09-18 21:00:00‘]

python生成时间序列(date_range)