快速入门scrapy爬虫框架，

scrapy爬虫框架

• scrapy爬虫框架
  • 简介
  • scrapy爬虫框架入门简介
  • 网页爬虫代码

简介

通过实战快速入门scrapy爬虫框架

scrapy爬虫框架入门简介

下载scrapy

pip install scrapy

创建项目

scrapy startproject spiderTest1

创建爬虫

cd .\spiderTest1
scrapy genspider douban movie.douban.com

将项目拖入pycharm
添加虚拟环境（python每一个项目都应当有专属的虚拟环境）

设置->项目->python解释器
不建议使用全局的python解释器
点齿轮->点添加,将虚拟环境放在项目路径下起名venv

项目目录

在虚拟环境中，再次安装scrapy 三方库
设置settings.py文件

# 设置请求头，伪装成浏览器
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0(Macintosh;intel Mac OS X 10_14_6)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,like Gecko)Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True # 是否遵守爬虫协议
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 2 # 设置并发
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2 # 下载延迟
RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY = True #随机延迟

# 当有多个管道，数字大的先执行，数字小的后执行
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'spiderTest1.pipelines.ExcelPipeline': 300,
    'spiderTest1.pipelines.AccessPipeline': 200,
}

运行爬虫

scrapy crawl spiderName --nolog  # --nolog不显示日志
scrapy crawl spiderName -o douban.csv  # 运行爬取数据保存为csv格式

三方库

# python往excel写数据
pip install openpyxl 

# python操作Access数据库
pip install pyodbc

# python操作mysql数据库
pip install pymysql

查看已经安装了那些库

pip list
pip freeze # 依赖清单

将依赖清单输出requirements.txt保存

# >输出重定向
pip freeze > requirements.txt

按依赖清单装依赖项

pip install -r requirements.txt

网页爬虫代码

douban.py

import scrapy
from scrapy import Selector, Request
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse

from spiderTest1.items import movieItem


class DoubanSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'douban'
    allowed_domains = ['movie.douban.com']
    start_urls = ['https://movie.douban.com/top250']

    def start_requests(self):
        for page in range(10):
            # f格式化
            yield Request(url=f'https://movie.douban.com/top250?start={page * 25}&filter=')

    def parse(self, response: HtmlResponse, **kwargs):
        sel = Selector(response)
        list_items = sel.css('#content > div > div.article > ol > li')
        for list_item in list_items:
            movie_item = movieItem()
            movie_item['title'] = list_item.css('span.title::text').extract_first()
            movie_item['rank'] = list_item.css('span.rating_num::text').extract_first()
            movie_item['subject'] = list_item.css('span.inq::text').extract_first()
            yield movie_item

        # 找到超链接爬取url
        # hrefs_list = sel.css('div.paginator > a::attr(href)')
        # for href in hrefs_list:
        #     url = response.urljoin(href.extract())
        #     yield Request(url=url)

在管道文件将数据库写入excel，数据库等
piplines.py

import openpyxl
# import pymysql
import pyodbc


# 写入access数据库
class AccessPipeline:
    def __init__(self):
        # 链接数据库
        db_file = r"E:\left\Documents\spider.accdb"  # 数据库文件

        self.conn = pyodbc.connect(
            r"Driver={Microsoft access Driver (*.mdb, *.accdb)};DBQ=" + db_file + ";Uid=;Pwd=;charset='utf-8';")
        # 创建游标                                    
        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
        # 将数据放入容器进行批处理操作
        self.data = []

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self._write_to_db()
        self.conn.close()

    def _write_to_db(self):        
        sql = r"insert into tb_top_movie (title, rating, subject) values (?, ?, ?)"
        if len(self.data) > 0:
            self.cursor.executemany(sql, self.data)
            self.conn.commit()
            # 清空原列表中的数据
            self.data.clear()

    # 回调函数 -->callback
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        title = item.get('title', '')
        rank = item.get('rank', '')
        subject = item.get('subject', '')
        # 单条数据插入，效率较低
        # sql = "insert into [tb_top_movie] (title, rating, subject) values('"+title+"','"+rank+"','"+subject+"')"
        # self.cursor.execute(sql)
        # 批处理插入数据
        self.data.append((title, rank, subject))
        if len(self.data) == 50:
            self._write_to_db()
        return item

# 写入Excel
class ExcelPipeline:

    def __init__(self):
        self.wb = openpyxl.Workbook()  # 工作簿
        self.ws = self.wb.active  # 工资表
        self.ws.title = 'Top250'
        self.ws.append(('标题', '评分', '主题'))

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.wb.save('电影数据.xlsx')

    # 回调函数 -->callback
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        title = item.get('title', '')
        rank = item.get('rank', '')
        subject = item.get('subject', '')
        self.ws.append((title, rank, subject))
        return item
        
# 写入mysql
# class DBPipeline:
#     def __init__(self):
#         # 链接数据库
#         self.conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', port=9555,
#                                     user='left', passwd='123',
#                                     database='spider', charset='utf8mb4')
#         # 创建游标
#         self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
#
#     def close_spider(self, spider):
#         self.conn.commit()
#         self.conn.close()
#
#     # 回调函数 -->callback
#     def process_item(self, item, spider):
#         title = item.get('title', '')
#         rank = item.get('rank', '')
#         subject = item.get('subject', '')
#         self.cursor.execute(
#             'insert into tb_top_movie (title, rating, subject) value(%s,%s,%s)',
#             (title, rank, subject)
#         )
#         return item