build/

dist/

3-2 常用命令选项

--distpath DIR        # 指定捆绑应用程序的存放路径和目录--workpath WORKPATH        # 指定存放临时文件的路径和目录-y, --noconfirm        # 无询问覆盖目录--clean        # 清除缓存文件--log-level LEVEL        # 指定日志等级-D, --onedir        # 生成一个包含exe文件和依赖文件的目录                -F, --onefile        # 只生成一个包含依赖的exe格式文件--specpath DIR        # 指定存放spec文件的目录-n NAME, --name NAME        # 指定输出文件名称（默认为第一个文件名）-c, --console, --nowindowed        # 使用控制台（命令行窗口）作为标准IO（默认）-w, --windowed, --noconsole        # 不使用控制台（命令行窗口）作为标准IO（不适用*NIX系统）-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>    # 指定应用ico图标--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>        # !--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>        # !-p DIR, --paths DIR        # 指定搜索路径，用‘;‘分割多个路径--exclude-module EXCLUDES        # 指定不打包的模块                        Optional module or package (the Python name, not the                        path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not                        found). This option can be used multiple times.--key KEY        # 加密python字节码

4 - Pyinstaller示例

4-1 基本用法

python代码

[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$ cat GUI_Tkinter.py#! python3# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from tkinter import *import tkinter.messagebox as messageboxclass Application(Frame):  # 从Frame派生一个Application类，这是所有Widget的父容器    def __init__(self, master=None):        Frame.__init__(self, master)        self.pack()  # pack()方法把Widget加入到父容器中，并实现布局        self.createWidgets()    def createWidgets(self):        self.helloLabel = Label(self, text=‘This is a sample.‘)  # 创建一个Label        self.helloLabel.pack()        self.nameInput = Entry(self)        self.nameInput.pack()        self.alertButton = Button(self, text=‘Hi‘, command=self.hello)  # 创建一个Button，点击按钮，触发hello()        self.alertButton.pack()        self.quitButton = Button(self, text=‘Quit‘, command=self.quit)  # 点击按钮，触发self.quit()，程序退出        self.quitButton.pack()    def hello(self):        name = self.nameInput.get() or ‘world‘  # 获得用户输入的文本        messagebox.showinfo(‘Message‘, ‘Hello, %s‘ % name)  # 弹出消息对话框app = Application()  # 实例化Applicationapp.master.title(‘Hello World‘)  # 设置窗口标题app.mainloop()  # 主消息循环# ### Tkinter# Python内置的是支持Tk的Tkinter，无需安装任何包，可以直接使用，能够满足基本的GUI程序的要求；# 如果是非常复杂的GUI程序，建议用操作系统原生支持的语言和库来编写；# 常见的第三方图形界面库包括Tk、wxWidgets、Qt、GTK等；

生成可执行文件

[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$ ls -ltotal 4-rwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089 1574 Feb 11 09:31 GUI_Tkinter.py*[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$ pyinstaller -F -w GUI_Tkinter.py205 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.3.1207 INFO: Python: 2.7.12207 INFO: Platform: Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1208 INFO: wrote D:\Anliven-Running\TempTest\GUI_Tkinter.spec217 INFO: UPX is not available.220 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths[‘D:\\Anliven-Running\\TempTest‘, ‘D:\\Anliven-Running\\TempTest‘]223 INFO: checking Analysis223 INFO: Building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc is non existent223 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...236 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks...365 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc392 INFO: Adding Microsoft.VC90.CRT to dependent assemblies of final executable  required by c:\python27\python.exe2701 INFO: Found C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\Manifests\amd64_policy.9.0.microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.1_none_3da38fdebd0e6822.manifest2705 INFO: Found C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\Manifests\amd64_policy.9.0.microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.4148_none_acd0e4ffe1daef0a.manifest2710 INFO: Found C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\Manifests\amd64_policy.9.0.microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.4940_none_acd19a1fe1da248a.manifest2806 INFO: Searching for assembly amd64_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.4940_none ...2806 INFO: Found manifest C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\Manifests\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.4940_none_08e4299fa83d7e3c.manifest2809 INFO: Searching for file msvcr90.dll2809 INFO: Found file C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.4940_none_08e4299fa83d7e3c\msvcr90.dll2810 INFO: Searching for file msvcp90.dll2810 INFO: Found file C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.4940_none_08e4299fa83d7e3c\msvcp90.dll2812 INFO: Searching for file msvcm90.dll2812 INFO: Found file C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.4940_none_08e4299fa83d7e3c\msvcm90.dll2908 INFO: Found C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\Manifests\amd64_policy.9.0.microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.1_none_3da38fdebd0e6822.manifest2909 INFO: Found C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\Manifests\amd64_policy.9.0.microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.4148_none_acd0e4ffe1daef0a.manifest2911 INFO: Found C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\Manifests\amd64_policy.9.0.microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.4940_none_acd19a1fe1da248a.manifest2912 INFO: Adding redirect Microsoft.VC90.CRT version (9, 0, 21022, 8) -> (9, 0, 30729, 4940)3044 INFO: Caching module hooks...3070 INFO: Analyzing D:\Anliven-Running\TempTest\GUI_Tkinter.py8287 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   _xmlplus8536 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   distutils9615 INFO: Loading module hooks...9615 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"...9618 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"...9619 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...9769 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-httplib.py"...9770 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-_tkinter.py"...10214 INFO: checking Tree10217 INFO: Building Tree because out00-Tree.toc is non existent10217 INFO: Building Tree out00-Tree.toc10470 INFO: checking Tree10470 INFO: Building Tree because out01-Tree.toc is non existent10470 INFO: Building Tree out01-Tree.toc10498 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...11378 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs11409 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...11412 INFO: Including run-time hook ‘pyi_rth__tkinter.py‘11421 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries11786 INFO: Looking for eggs11787 INFO: Using Python library C:\WINDOWS\system32\python27.dll11787 INFO: Found binding redirects:[BindingRedirect(name=u‘Microsoft.VC90.CRT‘, language=None, arch=u‘amd64‘, oldVersion=(9, 0, 21022, 8), newVersion=(9, 0, 30729, 4940), publicKeyToken=u‘1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b‘)]11796 INFO: Warnings written to D:\Anliven-Running\TempTest\build\GUI_Tkinter\warnGUI_Tkinter.txt11839 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to D:\Anliven-Running\TempTest\build\GUI_Tkinter\xref-GUI_Tkinter.html12016 INFO: checking PYZ12016 INFO: Building PYZ because out00-PYZ.toc is non existent12017 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:\Anliven-Running\TempTest\build\GUI_Tkinter\out00-PYZ.pyz12598 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:\Anliven-Running\TempTest\build\GUI_Tkinter\out00-PYZ.pyz completed successfully.12664 INFO: checking PKG12664 INFO: Building PKG because out00-PKG.toc is non existent12664 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) out00-PKG.pkg12828 INFO: Redirecting Microsoft.VC90.CRT version (9, 0, 21022, 8) -> (9, 0, 30729, 4940)16441 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) out00-PKG.pkg completed successfully.16570 INFO: Bootloader c:\python27\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit\runw.exe16570 INFO: checking EXE16572 INFO: Building EXE because out00-EXE.toc is non existent16572 INFO: Building EXE from out00-EXE.toc16573 INFO: Appending archive to EXE D:\Anliven-Running\TempTest\dist\GUI_Tkinter.exe16603 INFO: Building EXE from out00-EXE.toc completed successfully.[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$ ls -ltotal 8drwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089    0 Feb 27 15:09 build/drwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089    0 Feb 27 15:09 dist/-rwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089 1574 Feb 11 09:31 GUI_Tkinter.py*-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089  767 Feb 27 15:09 GUI_Tkinter.spec[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$ ls -lR.:total 8drwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089    0 Feb 27 15:09 build/drwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089    0 Feb 27 15:09 dist/-rwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089 1574 Feb 11 09:31 GUI_Tkinter.py*-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089  767 Feb 27 15:09 GUI_Tkinter.spec./build:total 4drwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089 0 Feb 27 15:09 GUI_Tkinter/./build/GUI_Tkinter:total 10400-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089    1351 Feb 27 15:09 GUI_Tkinter.exe.manifest-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089  118100 Feb 27 15:09 out00-Analysis.toc-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089   91969 Feb 27 15:09 out00-EXE.toc-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089 8490727 Feb 27 15:09 out00-PKG.pkg-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089   90661 Feb 27 15:09 out00-PKG.toc-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089 1396916 Feb 27 15:09 out00-PYZ.pyz-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089   28133 Feb 27 15:09 out00-PYZ.toc-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089   80981 Feb 27 15:09 out00-Tree.toc-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089    6778 Feb 27 15:09 out01-Tree.toc-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089    2866 Feb 27 15:09 warnGUI_Tkinter.txt-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089  322575 Feb 27 15:09 xref-GUI_Tkinter.html./dist:total 8560-rwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089 8762599 Feb 27 15:09 GUI_Tkinter.exe*[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$

运行可执行文件


4-2 自定义ico图标

图标下载：https://www.easyicon.net/

生成可执行文件

[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$ pyinstaller -F -w -i panda.ico GUI_Tkinter.py279 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.3.1279 INFO: Python: 2.7.12279 INFO: Platform: Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1280 INFO: wrote D:\Anliven-Running\TempTest\GUI_Tkinter.spec..................13562 INFO: Appending archive to EXE D:\Anliven-Running\TempTest\dist\GUI_Tkinter.exe13578 INFO: Building EXE from out00-EXE.toc completed successfully.[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$ ls -lR.:total 76drwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089     0 Feb 27 15:39 build/drwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089     0 Feb 27 15:40 dist/-rwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089  1574 Feb 11 09:31 GUI_Tkinter.py*-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089   785 Feb 27 15:39 GUI_Tkinter.spec-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089 67646 Feb 27 15:37 panda.ico./build:total 4drwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089 0 Feb 27 15:40 GUI_Tkinter/./build/GUI_Tkinter:total 10400-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089    1351 Feb 27 15:40 GUI_Tkinter.exe.manifest-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089  118100 Feb 27 15:40 out00-Analysis.toc-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089   91976 Feb 27 15:40 out00-EXE.toc-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089 8490727 Feb 27 15:40 out00-PKG.pkg-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089   90661 Feb 27 15:40 out00-PKG.toc-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089 1396916 Feb 27 15:40 out00-PYZ.pyz-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089   28133 Feb 27 15:40 out00-PYZ.toc-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089   80981 Feb 27 15:40 out00-Tree.toc-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089    6778 Feb 27 15:40 out01-Tree.toc-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089    2866 Feb 27 15:40 warnGUI_Tkinter.txt-rw-r--r-- 1 guowli 1049089  322575 Feb 27 15:40 xref-GUI_Tkinter.html./dist:total 8620-rwxr-xr-x 1 guowli 1049089 8826599 Feb 27 15:40 GUI_Tkinter.exe*[email protected] MINGW64 /d/Anliven-Running/TempTest$

运行可执行文件


5 - Tips

5-1 onefolder模式

参数：-D, --onedir # 生成一个包含exe文件和依赖文件的目录
onefolder模式可以用于确认打包是否完整正确。
打包成onefile文件时，发布前最好先打包成onefolder，检查一下需要的文件是否被正确打包。

5-2 打包IDE编写的python文件

在类似Pycharm导入的模块可能并没有安装到本地的python环境，就会导致在python文件在PyCharm中能正常运行但在命令行运行报错的现象。
在使用pyinstaller打包时，对应的现象就是：执行EXE文件闪退，或提示ImportError错误。
此问题只需要使用pip安装相应模块再打包即可。

5-3 加密python字节码

利用加密参数 --key ，可自定义一个16位密钥来加密pyc文件，加大反编译难度。
注意：必须事先安装PyCrypto（https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pycrypto/)。
官方文档：https://pyinstaller.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage.html#encrypting-python-bytecode
To encrypt the Python bytecode modules stored in the bundle, pass the --key=key-string argument on the command line.
For this to work, you must have the PyCrypto module installed. The key-string is a string of 16 characters which is used to encrypt each file of Python byte-code before it is stored in the archive inside the executable file.

5-4 文件名称及路径

$ pyinstaller -husage: pyinstaller [-h] [-v] [-D] [-F] [--specpath DIR] [-n NAME]                   [--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>]                   [--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [-p DIR]                   [--hidden-import MODULENAME]                   [--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH]                   [--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS] [--exclude-module EXCLUDES]                   [--key KEY] [-d] [-s] [--noupx] [-c] [-w]                   [-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>]                   [--version-file FILE] [-m <FILE or XML>] [-r RESOURCE]                   [--uac-admin] [--uac-uiaccess] [--win-private-assemblies]                   [--win-no-prefer-redirects]                   [--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER]                   [--runtime-tmpdir PATH] [--distpath DIR]                   [--workpath WORKPATH] [-y] [--upx-dir UPX_DIR] [-a]                   [--clean] [--log-level LEVEL]                   scriptname [scriptname ...]positional arguments:  scriptname            name of scriptfiles to be processed or exactly one                        .spec-file. If a .spec-file is specified, most options                        are unnecessary and are ignored.optional arguments:  -h, --help            show this help message and exit  -v, --version         Show program version info and exit.  --distpath DIR        Where to put the bundled app (default: .\dist)  --workpath WORKPATH   Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz                        and etc. (default: .\build)  -y, --noconfirm       Replace output directory (default:                        SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for                        confirmation  --upx-dir UPX_DIR     Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution                        path)  -a, --ascii           Do not include unicode encoding support (default:                        included if available)  --clean               Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files                        before building.  --log-level LEVEL     Amount of detail in build-time console messages. LEVEL                        may be one of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR,                        CRITICAL (default: INFO).What to generate:  -D, --onedir          Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable                        (default)  -F, --onefile         Create a one-file bundled executable.  --specpath DIR        Folder to store the generated spec file (default:                        current directory)  -n NAME, --name NAME  Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file                        (default: first script‘s basename)What to bundle, where to search:  --add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>                        Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to                        the executable. The path separator is platform                        specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows                        and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option                        can be used multiple times.  --add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>                        Additional binary files to be added to the executable.                        See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This                        option can be used multiple times.  -p DIR, --paths DIR   A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH).                        Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ‘;‘, or use                        this option multiple times  --hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME                        Name an import not visible in the code of the                        script(s). This option can be used multiple times.  --additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH                        An additional path to search for hooks. This option                        can be used multiple times.  --runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS                        Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is                        code that is bundled with the executable and is                        executed before any other code or module to set up                        special features of the runtime environment. This                        option can be used multiple times.  --exclude-module EXCLUDES                        Optional module or package (the Python name, not the                        path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not                        found). This option can be used multiple times.  --key KEY             The key used to encrypt Python bytecode.How to generate:  -d, --debug           Tell the bootloader to issue progress messages while                        initializing and starting the bundled app. Used to                        diagnose problems with missing imports.  -s, --strip           Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and                        shared libs (not recommended for Windows)  --noupx               Do not use UPX even if it is available (works                        differently between Windows and *nix)Windows and Mac OS X specific options:  -c, --console, --nowindowed                        Open a console window for standard i/o (default)  -w, --windowed, --noconsole                        Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window                        for standard i/o. On Mac OS X this also triggers                        building an OS X .app bundle. This option is ignored                        in *NIX systems.  -i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>                        FILE.ico: apply that icon to a Windows executable.                        FILE.exe,ID, extract the icon with ID from an exe.                        FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac OS                        XWindows specific options:  --version-file FILE   add a version resource from FILE to the exe  -m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML>                        add manifest FILE or XML to the exe  -r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE                        Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The                        RESOURCE is one to four items,                        FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file                        or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME                        must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be                        specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the                        given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources                        from FILE will be added/updated to the final                        executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or                        specified as wildcard *.This option can be used                        multiple times.  --uac-admin           Using this option creates a Manifest which will                        request elevation upon application restart.  --uac-uiaccess        Using this option allows an elevated application to                        work with Remote Desktop.Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced):  --win-private-assemblies                        Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application                        will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means                        the exact versions of these assemblies will always be                        used, and any newer versions installed on user                        machines at the system level will be ignored.  --win-no-prefer-redirects                        While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to                        bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer                        not to follow policies that redirect to newer                        versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of                        the assembly.Mac OS X specific options:  --osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER                        Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default                        unique program name for code signing purposes. The                        usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS                        notation. For example:                        com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first                        script‘s basename)Rarely used special options:  --runtime-tmpdir PATH                        Where to extract libraries and support files in                        `onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the                        bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location                        defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder                        will be created here. Please use this option only if                        you know what you are doing.